Answer (d) 

Law and order is not a subindice of the ease of doing business index. 

Following are the ten subindices of the Ease of Doing Business Index.

1. Starting a business – Procedures, time, cost, and minimum capital to open a new business
2. Dealing with construction permits – Procedures, time, and cost to build a warehouse
3. Getting electricity – procedures, time, and cost required for a business to obtain a permanent electricity connection for a newly constructed warehouse
4. Registering property – Procedures, time, and cost to register commercial real estate
5. Getting credit – Strength of legal rights index, depth of credit information index
6. Protecting investors – Indices on the extent of disclosure, extent of director liability, and ease of shareholder suits
7. Paying taxes – Number of taxes paid, hours per year spent preparing tax returns, and total tax payable as share of gross profit
8. Trading across borders – Number of documents, cost, and time necessary to export and import
9. Enforcing contracts – Procedures, time, and cost to enforce a debt contract
10. Resolving insolvency – The time, cost, and recovery rate (%) under bankruptcy proceeding

Answer (a) 

According to the World Bank, the ten indices are different elements of regulation. 

Answer (d) 

Simeon Djankov designed Ease of Doing Business Index

Klaus Schwab is the founder of the World Economic Forum. 

Xavier Sala-i-Martin and Elsa V Artadi were the architects of the Global Competitiveness Index prepared by the WEF. 

Amartya Sen and Martin Ravillion are associated with poverty studies. 

Answer (a)

Description

Network Readiness Index

Earlier, the NRI was published by World Economic Forum. But from 2019 onwards, the report is published by Portulans Institute

The Networked Readiness Index (NRI) measures the capacity of countries to use ICTs for increased competitiveness and well-being. It is now emerged as a key indicator of how countries are doing in the digital world.

Answer (b) 

Gender Inequality Index presents a composite measure of gender inequality using three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. The reproductive health indicators are the maternal mortality ratio and the adolescent birth rate. The empowerment indicators are the share of parliamentary seats held by women and the share of population with at least some secondary education by gender. The labour market indicator is participation in the labour force by gender. 

Gender Gap Index is prepared by the WEF and it also considers the parliamentary representation of women. 

The Gender Development Index of the UNDP considers only those factors that comes under the HDI. 

Answer (d) 

The relative difference between IHDI and HDI values is the loss due to inequality in distribution of the HDI within the country.

Answer (a) 

GDI measures disparities on the HDI by gender. The index contains HDI values estimated separately for women and men; the ratio of which is the GDI value. The closer the ratio is to 1, the smaller the gap between women and men. Values for the three HDI components— longevity, education (with two indicators) and income per capita—are also presented by gender.

The GDI is using the same component indicators as in the HDI. The GDI is the ratio of the HDIs calculated separately for females and males using the same methodology as in the HDI. It is a direct measure of gender gap showing the female HDI as a percentage of the male HDI.

Answer (c) 

These three criteria are used under the HDI and Gender Development Index. The criterion adopted under Gender Inequality Index are reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market.

Gender Development Index (UNDP) 

GDI measures disparities on the HDI by gender. The index contains HDI values estimated separately for women and men; the ratio of which is the GDI value. The closer the ratio is to 1, the smaller the gap between women and men. Values for the three HDI components— longevity, education (with two indicators) and income per capita—are also presented by gender.

Gender Inequality Index -GII (UNDP)

A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievements between women and men in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market.

Answer  (C) 

Under Ryotwari, the cultivators and British contacted without the presence of the zamindars. 

Answer (d)

The Fifth Five year plan had only four years (1974-78)