Answer is (a) Both 1 and 2 are correct
Introduction of DBT for NBS
The government has launched DBT for NBS on a pan-India basis from February 2018 onwards. In 2016, the scheme was launched on a pilot basis. Under the NBS, producers are given subsidy only when the farmers get the fertiliser. DBT would entail 100% payment to fertilizer companies on sale of fertilizers to farmers at subsidized rates.
The DBT model for fertilizers is slightly different from that for other schemes such as cooking gas. Generally, the consumer gets subsidy through the bank account in most schemes. But in the case of fertilizers, the producer gets the subsidy and the benefit of the subsidy goes to the consumer in the form of reduced prices. The logic of such an arrangement is that farmers cannot be forced to pay large amounts upfront on fertilizers and wait for reimbursement.
Subsidy is given for urea and 21 grades of P&K fertilisers to farmers at subsidised prices through manufacturers/importers. For this, there is a urea subsidy scheme and a Nutrient Based Subsidy scheme for P&K fertilisers.